Hyperthermia generally refers to an above-normal body temperature, as seen in cases of fever or heat stroke. However, in a medical context, it can also mean the controlled use of heat to treat diseases, including cancer. Let’s explore how heat is used in this treatment.
When cells are exposed to elevated temperatures, changes occur that make them more susceptible to other treatments, such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Very high temperatures can directly destroy cancer cells (thermal ablation), but they can also damage normal cells. Therefore, hyperthermia must be carefully controlled and performed by experienced professionals.
Types of Hyperthermia in Cancer Treatment
Hyperthermia can be applied locally, regionally, or throughout the body, depending on the area to be treated.
Local Hyperthermia
In local hyperthermia, heat is applied to a small area, such as a tumor. The elevated temperatures destroy the cancer cells and nearby blood vessels, “cooking” the affected area. This technique, known as thermal ablation, can use radio waves, microwaves, or ultrasound to heat the tumor.
One of the most commonly used techniques is radiofrequency ablation (RFA), where a thin probe is inserted into the tumor and emits a high-frequency current that generates intense heat, destroying the cancer cells. RFA is often used to treat tumors that cannot be surgically removed or in patients who cannot undergo surgery. This treatment can be repeated if the tumors grow back.
Regional Hyperthermia
In regional hyperthermia, a part of the body, such as an organ or limb, is heated. This approach is generally combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, increasing the effectiveness of these treatments. For example, in regional perfusion, the blood in an isolated part of the body is heated and recirculated, possibly combined with chemotherapy.
Another technique is hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion, used during surgery to treat cancers in the abdominal cavity. In this procedure, heated chemotherapy drugs are circulated in the cavity to maximize their effect.
Full Body Hyperthermia
Full body hyperthermia is being studied as a way to enhance chemotherapy in metastatic cancers. The patient’s body is heated using thermal blankets, immersion in hot water, or thermal chambers. This heating can activate immune cells and increase the presence of compounds that destroy cancer cells.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Hyperthermia
Hyperthermia has the potential to enhance other cancer treatments, making cancer cells more vulnerable. However, strict temperature control is crucial to avoid damaging normal tissues. Side effects vary depending on the technique used and the area treated and may include pain, infections, nausea, among others.
Future of Hyperthermia
Although promising, hyperthermia is still an experimental technique that requires specialized equipment and qualified professionals. Research continues to evolve to better understand how to integrate hyperthermia with other cancer treatments and improve patient outcomes.
Hyperthermia can be a valuable complement in cancer treatment, but it should be approached with care and under specialized medical supervision.
More information about full body hyperthermia treatment can be found at www.oxyclinic.pt/especialidades/hipertermia
Source: cancer.org
